Before you can run your command on the scheduler, you need to make sure you've actually registered the command with artisan.
To do this, use the $this->commands method in your ServiceProvider::boot method.
class MyPackageServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
    public function boot()
    {
        $this->commands([
            Commands\MyAwesomeCommand::class,
        ])
    }
}
By doing this, you can now run your command using php artisan my-awesome-command.
Now that artisan is aware of your command, you can hook it up to Laravel's Schedule and run it as often as you need.
Begin by calling $this->app->afterResolving in your ServiceProvider::boot method, passing through two arguments.
The first argument should be the abstract that is being resolved. In this case, that will be Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\Schedule. The second argument should be a Closure that accepts the object in it's parameter list.
use Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\Schedule;
class MyPackageServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
    public function boot()
    {
        $this->commands([
            Commands\MyAwesomeCommand::class,
        ])
		  
        $this->app->afterResolving(Schedule::class, function (Schedule $schedule) {
            $schedule->command(Commands\MyAwesomeCommand::class)->everyMinute();
        });
    }
}
Now when you run php artisan schedule:run, the Closure will be executed and MyAwesomeCommand will be added to the scheduler, running once every minute.